Ultrapure Chemicals

The manufacture of very small electronic components referred to as semiconductors category includes devices such as transistors, capacitors, resistors, diodes, LED and photocells. The different types of devices can be integrated together to form integrated circuits, or VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) devices such as microprocessors and random access memory (RAM). The high purity processes require the use of equally high purity chemicals stripping, etching, buffering and rinsing. Some of these processes utilize potentially hazardous or aggressive chemicals and chemical mixtures, all of which must filter to nanometer levels to ensure the quality of the devices and high yield. Furthermore, these processes may require temperature in excess of 150C which will limit the processes to materials composed only of fluoropolymers such as PFA and PTFE.

support literature

CITADEL™

MicroelectronicsIntegrated CircuitsUltrapure Chemicals

Data Sheet

TefTEC™

MicroelectronicsIntegrated CircuitsUltrapure Chemicals

Data Sheet

ZTEC™ E

MicroelectronicsIntegrated CircuitsUltrapure Chemicals

Data Sheet

Frequenty Ask Questions

What are Heavy Metals?

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements with high atomic weights and densities, typically greater than 5 g/cm³. They include lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. They can be toxic even in trace amounts, accumulating in organisms and causing health risks.

What are the Problems with Heavy Metals in Water?

Heavy metals in water can cause severe health effects such as neurological damage, kidney failure, and cancer, even at low concentrations. They persist in ecosystems, bioaccumulate in the food chain, and disrupt aquatic life.

What are the Heavy Metal Parameters for Water?

Heavy metal parameters include concentration levels, toxicity thresholds, bioavailability, and the presence of specific metals like Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr. These are regulated by agencies like the EPA and WHO to ensure water safety.

How do you Calculate Heavy Metal Concentration in Water?

Heavy metal concentration in water is measured using techniques like atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), or colorimetric analysis. The results are expressed in micrograms per liter (µg/L) or milligrams per liter (mg/L).

What is the Permissible Limit of Heavy Metals in Water?

The permissible limits vary by a regulatory body, but for drinking water, the WHO and EPA set limits such as Lead (Pb) ≤ 0.01 mg/L, Mercury (Hg) ≤ 0.001 mg/L, and Cadmium (Cd) ≤ 0.003 mg/L.

What is the Mechanism of Heavy Metal Adsorption?

Heavy metal adsorption involves ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation on adsorbent materials like activated carbon, biochar, or nanomaterials, reducing metal ions from contaminated water. Adsorption efficiency depends on pH, temperature, and adsorbent type.

How is Graver’s oil mist filter different from others?

Graver Technologies offers high-efficiency oilcoalescing filters built for industrial demands, with low pressure drop,durable construction, and customizable designs to match your system.

Can I retrofit your oil mist filters into my existing setup?

Yes.Our industrial oil mist filters are available in various sizes, materials, andconnection types, making integration into existing systems seamless.

Are your filters compliant with industry standards?

Yes, our products are engineered to meet or exceedindustry performance and safety standards, including those for emissions andworkplace air quality.

What applications require oil mist filtration?

Oilmist filtration is essential in systems with vacuum pumps, compressors,gearboxes, and turbines—especially in manufacturing, automotive, and powergeneration facilities.

How often do the filters need to be replaced?

Filterreplacement depends on your operating conditions, but our systems are designedfor extended life and easy maintenance. We offer support to help you set theright maintenance schedule.

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